Sunday, April 24, 2016

Surgeons Guide to Airway Management Dr John Allen Pacey MD , FRCSc

Introduction

         This work is to be approached from the point of view of  students , who we all are, wishing  to develop a functional point of view from an analytic perspective. The current assets promoting the spread of knowledge provide such a diverse number of points of view that an analytic approach is always the right approach to the written word. We are working from from a knowledge perspective that is incomplete and evolving.

         Q. How does one write usefully in any field that is continuously evolving and has a steady stream on new information , people , and devices or tools that continuously change the equation?

 This is important to conceptualize because our world is filled with new methods of capturing and displaying information with the result that virtually every morning there are nuance changes to the state of the art.

A.   Focus on the missions that you will choose to be involved in executing to first understand the problems and then the actions necessary to solve them. The personalized approach then will continuously morph as your personal “capability equation “ changes.

This would be easy if the world delivered a fixed set
missions all packaged with appropriate labels for you to address at your leisure . The real world of course delivers problems at the most inconvenient times and with subtle variations that may or may not be obvious to the un-initiated. Thus it becomes necessary to approach any serious task from a perspective that deep knowledge will be required to allow one to cope with the many variants one will encounter.

         This work is designed to provide a series of ideas that will form a point of view designed to illustrate the problem and allow one to develop a tool kit of strategies and real tool skills that will allow one to provide a rational scaled response as problems are presented.

         The discussion in this book relates to Airway Management which has proven to be one of the most scary and humbling of Medical fields because the failure to handle oxygenation effectively in a few minutes can result in death, brain injury, and personal despair for the EMT or MD who ends up with ,for example, an endotracheal tube in the esophagus .

         Control , and the search for it, is elusive for neophytes .
One typically starts life with abundant confidence that whatever comes up will be handled by personal inventiveness and brilliance. This confidence , sadly is crushed , the first time that you have a close call or real failure. Those with luck will be rescued in time to prevent making  the patient pay too big a price for your weaknesses. Clearly realism must be combined with a careful approach to minimize risk and have options to prevent disaster.

Medical teachers and students can look at the art of training pilots as a guide to safety and emergency preparedness. As a pilot who has developed a modest skill level including Instrument flight and night operations flight it is clear to me the rather haphazard approach to skill acquisition and testing  carried out in the Medical arena needs serious work.

Q. When was the last time you were prevented from putting a patient to sleep or stepping into your ambulance because of failure to pass a multi- function scheduled skill test?

A. Never I suspect .

         The good news is that you don’t need to know everything and you don’t need to be a severe academic. You must only know a depth of knowledge that will enable you
·      to assess your own limitations,
·      know which tools are available ,
·      how well you can use them,
·      know and listen to the right people to support you own weakness,
·       be alert for ideas and people who can assist you in your lifelong quest for knowledge.

To this end you will likely need to join a “Tribe” of people interested and able to exchange knowledge . The Society for Airway Management “ or the UK DAS would be such a tribe and in addition your own hospital could have an “ Airway Competency Group” that was willing to declare standards and leadership for pursuit of excellence. Could you develop the best program in your area for this kind of learning? Unfortunately there are many areas of Medical competence to be addressed at the same time and this speaks to the need to develop declared zones of interest “ ie. Airway Leads “ for the many types of skill required for modern practice. Should you be saddled with the task of being a hospital Department Head or  EMS Medical Director then it is your duty to have all staff involved in one or the other knowledge bases so that a state of the art skill level is achieved in all areas.

         The “ Airway Lead” has several missions that are measurable by the airway management outcomes of the department
1.   Does the “Airway Lead” have state of the art knowledge ,and if not,  how is this to be developed?
2.   Does the “ Airway Lead “ have a real time knowledge of the local hospital state of practice and are the local disasters properly investigated and measured?
3.   Does the “ Airway Lead” understand the learning needs of other department members and whether they are supported for training and practice?
4.   How does the local program rank in the world of airway “Management Excellence” generally accepted measures.
5.   Does the “ Airway Lead” provide tools necessary so that staff can operate according to current norms?

The development of appropriate systems can only be done when the goals of the department are clearly vocalized and measured in such a way that sub- standard practice is not possible without bringing to bear a full disclosure. When this is done change can be continuously implemented until excellence is achieved.

Great guidelines are now available for development of policy and the ASA Algorithm rewritten in 2013 “Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway “ and the new Guidelines 2014  written by the  UK DAS “DAS Intubation Guidelines 2015 Update” are current examples that must be studied for comprehension of the consensus knowledge available. These will be mined later in the piece for specific strategy presented.


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